How to Make Japanese Onigawara Roof Tiles (Demon Tiles)

As a lover of Japanese art and culture, I’ve always been fascinated by the ornate details found in traditional architecture. So when the opportunity arose to take a beginner’s course on crafting Onigawara (鬼瓦) – the iconic “demon tiles” that adorn the rooftops of temples and shrines – I leaped at the chance. 

In this step-by-step guide, we’ll explore the significance of Onigawara roof tiles and why this traditional art form deserves to be preserved. You’ll learn the meticulous process of transforming humble clay into fearsome oni faces, from kneading and sculpting to drying and baking. 

By the end, you’ll gain the skills to create your Onigawara masterpieces and a deeper appreciation for their symbolic and functional roles in protecting sacred spaces.

What Are Onigawara?

Onigawara (鬼瓦) refers to a type of traditional Japanese architectural design commonly found on the roofs of temples, shrines, and other historic buildings. 

The term “Onigawara” is a combination of two words: “oni” (鬼), which means demon or ogre, and “gawara” (瓦), which means tile or roof tile. Therefore, Onigawara roof tiles can be translated as “demon tile” or “ogre tile.”

These ornamental tiles serve both functional and symbolic purposes. Functionally, they are placed at the ends of roof ridges to protect the building from rain and wind. Symbolically, Onigawara is believed to ward off evil spirits and protect the structure from harm.

The Onigawara roof tiles are typically crafted from clay or other traditional materials and come in various designs, ranging from fierce and menacing demon faces to more stylized and abstract representations.

How to Make Onigawara Roof Tiles

Creating Onigawara tiles is a fascinating process that blends traditional craftsmanship with artistic expression. From shaping the clay to adding intricate details, each step contributes to the unique charm of these iconic Japanese roof ornaments. In this section, we will delve into the techniques and methods involved in making Onigawara tiles.

Preparing the Materials

To begin, you’ll need to obtain a good-quality sculpting clay suitable for baking or firing. Polymer clays or ceramic clays like earthenware or stoneware work well for this project.

Step 1: Start with “clay kneading,” in which you’ll gradually add water to the clay and knead it thoroughly until you achieve a smooth, pliable consistency. This kneading process helps to condition the clay and remove any air pockets.

Step 2: Once the clay is properly kneaded, divide it into two equal-sized blocks or portions. Use a wire clay cutter or a knife to separate the clay cleanly.

Creating the Clay Base

Step 3: Take one of the divided blocks and stretch it on a board until it’s about 1 cm thick. This will be used as the base.

Step 4: Use the other block to make the base of the ogre’s mask.

Sculpting the Oni Face

Step 5: Mold the ogre’s eyes, nose, fangs, etc., with the cut-off clay, wet them with water, and glue each part.

Step 6: Mold the mouth part of the base of the face by digging out the clay.

Attaching Oni Features

Step 7: Attach the eyebrows and horns. Wait for the sculpture to dry a bit before baking.

Baking Process

Step 8: After I finished attaching the oni features, we waited for a few minutes for it to dry. This drying process is crucial to prevent cracking or warping during firing.

We used a ceramics kiln in the workshop to achieve high-firing temperatures, usually between 1800-2300°F, depending on the clay body. Many community centers or ceramic studios offer kiln firing services.

Baking Onigawara roof tiles typically takes 30 to 40 minutes. The baking process is crucial for hardening the clay and ensuring the tile’s durability.

Final Thoughts: Onigawara’s Symbolic Beauty and Craftsmanship

Originally, Onigawara roof tiles were meant to scare off bad spirits, but for me, they’re a tribute to Japan’s incredible craftsmanship. 

The intricate and decorative nature of Onigawara adds a unique aesthetic to Japanese architecture. They contribute to the cultural and historical significance of the structures on which they are featured.

Even though I was just a beginner, I got hooked on making them. Molding each intricate feature, from the bulging eyes to the fearsome fangs, felt like giving life to legends.